China and India as two of the most polluted and polluting countries in the world

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STUDENT:

MARIA JOSE ZAMBRANO OCAÑA

MISTER:

ISIDRO FIERRO ULLOA

SUBJECT:

ECOLOGY

TOPIC:

CHINA AND INDIA AS TWO OF THE MOST POLLUTED AND POLLUTING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

2019 - 2020

Contenido

        3

INTRODUCTION        4

CONCLUSION        9

BIBLIOGRAPHY        10

ABSTRACT

     India and China are two of the main polluted countries in the world where the risk of health and mortality grows more and more as a result of air pollution. As we know, air pollution levels are dangerously high, according to the World Health Organization shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe constantly high levels of air pollution. So the main objective of this research paper is to present the global vision of air pollution globally, we will analyze, by contrast, the two countries already mentioned. For the elaboration of this research paper, the database was used as a bibliographic reference.

KEY WORDS

Air pollution, health, mortality, coal, India, China.

INTRODUCTION

Along history we have being facing constant changes in the economy, technological advances and political stabilities. As well our planet.  Air pollution consist on chemicals/particles in the atmosphere that give serious problems with health and environmental threats. It has always being something to concern, but what causes air pollution? Some of this air pollution become part of the natural sources (like volcanic eruptions) but mostly this is a result of human activities.(Vallero, 2014) One brief example is when humans burn fossil fuels to produce energy, this has effect release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This emission such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitro and fluorinated gasses trapped heat from the sun to Earth atmosphere leading to have over the years this high temperatures.

 As result, it creates a cycle where the polluted air contributes to climate change and this changes intensify air pollution.  It’s important to know that climate change generates smog for the reason that there are high presences of heat level and UV radiation. Smog reduces visibility and could be as percussion serious health problems.

(Eisinger, 2012) There are two kinds of smog’s , sulphurus (sulfur oxide) it occurs when sulfur is burn bearing fossil fuel ; such as coal  and photochemical (sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) nitrogen oxides comes from car exhaust or factories emissions , gasoline or cleaning solvents are examples of volatile organic compounds.

Toxic pollutants (mercury, lead, dioxins and benzene) which are release during combustion of gas, coal or waste incineration, is one more consequence of this contaminated air. This toxic pollutants can cause cancer, birth defects or reproductive complications (Eisinger, 2012)

This entry presents a global-level overview of air pollution. We going to analyze by contrasting two of the major polluted countries (India and China) in the world were the health and mortality risk growth every day as consequences of the air pollution. According to a report from the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, India is the most affected countries in deaths as repercussions of its environmental circumstance with around 2.5million of the total 9.000,000 deaths in 201. By the other hand in China due to pollution there are 1.8 million deaths.  (OECD, 2017)

 ("9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action," 2018) The levels of the pollution in the air are dangerously high in different parts of the planet. Data give by the World Health Organization shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe constantly high levels of air pollution. The majority problems on pollution in China is linked to the energy consumption, for the reason that there is something wrong with the economic model. When the economy grows the more the environment start to worse. China big source of pollution is coal, which is the main energy source. Shanxi province is the largest coal industry and the most polluted one.

The massive transports and the constructions going on everywhere in China are also reasons for air pollution. If Shanxi could not mine and export those massively quantities of coal, then the Eastern China would not have enjoy there economic development. The combined impact of climate change and local pollution are causing huge consequences.  (Wu, 2012) One third of lakes are polluted and over 90% of urban groundwater are polluted, those pollution mainly come from industries processes like factories who do not clean up their pollutants before relapsed to the river. Were people for this small villages depend on those rivers as source to survive, giving high percentages of patients with dangerous diseases. Also another main contributor to pollution are pesticide used in the process of agriculture. (Wang & Mauzerall, n.d.)

Over the air, tiny particles are floating mainly come from sources like dust this is known as   PM 2.5. , which increase health problems like respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) establish that PM 2.5 levels should not exceed 25 micrograms per cubic meter over a 24-hour period and not exceed for a year 10 micrograms per cubic meter. In countries like India (Delhi) and China (Beijing) those levels of PM 2.5 could rise almost to 1000 going out of the scales in the pollution controlling devices.

As we already mention China’s cities are polluted. But actually there are statistics that shows that India, more specifically New Delhi has the worst air quality in the world.  This might be the rapid industrialization and population growth that India have being facing which by effect harms the air quality and imbalances in the regional climate.  ("India cities top world air pollution list," 2018) BBC analysis of the study shows that India development has grown so fast in the past two decades, going on hand to a rise on pollution levels.