Descartes para principiantes

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Por lo anterior los seres humanos marcan su singualaridad por la manera que utilizan el lenguaje, según la doctrina dualista de Descartes “No son máquinas linguisticas programadas”. Estas reacciones linguisticas humanas eran prueba para descartes de la existencia de un alma pensante inmortal.

Para concluir Descartes con el “pienso, luego existo” define a los seres humanos piensan, y no que tienen una existencia física o material. Una sustancia cuya esencia o naturaleza es simplemente pensar y que para existir no requiere de ningún espacio ni depende de nada material es un yo distinto al cuerpo.

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DESCARTES FOR BEGINNERS

By: Sandra Milena Quintero R

Descartes in his book for beginners poses in the beginning, the context in which he began to move his thinking about true knowledge, and immerses us in a world where truth, doubt, the existence of God, and thoughts, play An important role for who we are as human beings.

"To distance ourselves from traditional knowledge" is an invitation that Descartes does for the human being, to disappoint what he already has and to learn again within a constructions of thought, ranging from the most complex to being able to discern them in simpler parts. Seeking that the human Being bases the knowledge on the thought, being this last part of the subject and therefore given by God.

Therefore, when he creates the Method, he postulates 4 rules that lead to the investigation of knowledge, the first Evidence, which refers to the fact that we only accept as true what is presented to us clearly and distinctly in our mind. Complex problems in so many parts that we can solve them. The third Synthesis involves ordering one's thoughts from the simplest and easiest to the most complex. The fourth Enumeration we must make so many revisions to avoid an error. Taking this into account leads us to begin with human beings as deeply rooted thoughts as absolute truths, and we stop in conversations that for us are totally valid and true. And recreating the above in our life we ​​seek explanation, within what we already know, and rationalize our understanding so much that we do not give room for error.

On the other hand Descartes raises doubts from three pillars Skepticism where our senses are often unreliable as tools of knowledge, however he does not question that we do not have experiences through our senses, but reflects on how many times These put us to doubt and from So from the perspective as human beings will everything that we observe is equal? ​​... This is questionable from the point of departure that the senses deceive us.

The second pillar is the existence of the outside world where Descartes argues that in dreams there is no criterion of distinction. We can not know in what state of mind we are unable to distinguish between our experiences in waking and in dreams. This state is common among humans since when we have not been able to overcome something, reality is often confused and on this we excuse what we are living and how we reflect it in our present.

The third pillar are independent truths, these do not come from experience, nor from dreams, at this point reflects Descartes' passion for mathematics "he hoped to show that all branches of knowledge had an underlying unity. What was that unit? Astronomers and scientists were growing convinced that the key to understanding the universe was not in Aristotle or in the Bible, but in mathematics. This is one of the main features of modern science, known as reductionism. Numerous classes of objects of the world are reduced and explained in function of a much smaller number of basic characteristics of reality or simple natures.

Descartes argued that only what is clear for understanding can be accepted. Since it is necessary to advance from the simple to the complex, since as an absolute truth it must be checked. "We can be sure that we are experiencing something in our mind, but we do not know for sure what the cause is." Doubting everything posed discards through Cartesian doubt, if there is something happening in human knowledge, as something dubious, this questionable must be rejected. Playing well an important role the reason and the senses. In which the first as we mentioned above the rational mind that could be reliable and stable. And in the senses our own interpretations could lie to us.

Descartes is often called the father of modern philosophy, since the questions that are posed can remain important as long as there are thinking beings; Conceiving knowledge within a scientific and technical system of thought and control, obeying the latter to the mathematical form of expression.

A fundamental contribution to the modernism of Descartes was questioned by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein who argued that the Cartesian model and the Cartesian doubt are incoherent, since language conforms our skeptical ideas and it is impossible to doubt the existence of an external world.

As for Jacques Lacan Language is prior to any individual we are linguistic beings and therefore do not deny our identity