Resumen ingles.

...

UNIT 11

IT´S REALLY WORTH SEEING

PASSIVE WITH “BY” (SIMPLE PAST)

The passive changes the focus of a sentence. (el pasivo cambia el enfoque de la oración)

For the simple past, use the past of be + past participle. (para el pasado simple se unas el pasado de be (was / were) + pasado participio)

Active

The president oponed the building in 1931

An american architect designed the building.

Passive

It was opened by the president in 1931

It was designed by an American architect.

The Kiss was painted by Gustav Klimt.

The song “yesterday” was recirded by the beatles.

The film “Shindler´s list” was directed by Steven Spielberg

The novel “Pride and Prejudice” was written by Jane Auten

The opera “Carmen” was composed by Georges Bizet

Nota: en el activo se usa el verbo en pasado.

FORMULA:

Activo: subject + verb in past + objeto

Pasivo: object + was/were + past participle

PASSIVE WITHOUT “BY” (SIMPLE PRESENT)

For the simple present, use the present of be + past participle (para el presente simple se usa el presente de be (am, is, are) + pasado participio)

Active

They use the euro in most of the European Union

They speak English in many European countries

They manufature a lot of cars in Europe

Passive

The euro is used in most of the E.U.

English is spoken in many European countries

A lot of cars are manufactured in Europe

FORMULA:

Activo: subject + verb in present + object

Passive: object + be (am, is, are) + verb in past participle + complement

UNIT 12

IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU

PAST CONTINOUS VS. SIMPLE PAST

Use the past continous for an action in progress in the past. (usa el pasado continuo para una acción en progreso en el pasado, que se sigue haciendo)

Use the simple past for a completed action. (usa el pasado simple para una acción completada)

I was watching a good movie, but I fell asleep before the end.

(yo estaba viendo una película buena, pero me quedé dormido antes del final)

I was working at a boring job, when someone offered me a much better one.

(yo estaba trabajando en un trabajo aburrido, cuando alguien me ofreció uno mejor)

While I was Shopping one day, a celebrity walked into the store.

(mientras estaba comprando un día, una celebridad caminó dentro de la tienda)

Vocabulary

Coincidentally – coincidentemente

Fortunately – afortunadamente

Luckily – afortunadamente, por suerte

Miraculously – milagrosamente

Sadly – tristemente, con tristeza

Strangely – extrañamente

Suddenly – repentinamente, de repente

Surprisingly – sorpresivamente, asombrosamente

Unexpectedly – inesperadamente

Unfortunately – desafortunadamente

FORMULA PARA PASADO CONTINUO:

Subject + was/were + verb + ing

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

Use the present perfect continuos for actions that start in the past and continue into the present. (usa el presente perfecto continuo para acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y que continuas haciendo en el presente)

Nota: en el presente perfecto continuo siempre tiene que ir el auxiliar have y been

What have you been doing lately?

I´ve been working two jobs for the last six months

How long have you been modeling?

I´ve been modeling since I graduated.

Have you been saving money?

No, I haven´t been saving any money. I´ve been spending it.