Inteligencias artificiales

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However, this line of research soon found serious limitations. The concentration in the imitation of the physical-chemical constitution of the brain, not allowed to see, to Von Neumann and his followers, that the analogy would be much more efficient if you will study the functions of the brain, that is to say, its capabilities as a processor of information.

Corresponds to McCulloch, in the mid 1950s, formulate a radically different position to argue that the laws that govern the thought must be sought between the rules that govern the information and not between those governing the matter. This idea has opened great possibilities to the IA. In this line, Minsky (1959), one of the founding fathers of the IA, changed its position and argued that the imitation of the brain at the cellular level should be abandoned.

It is more or less at this time that an event occurs to be organized and would give great impetus to the development of IA: The Congress in Dartmouth (1956). At this congress, at which the founding fathers of the discipline, the definition of the basic presuppositions of the core theoretical AI:

1. The recognition that the thought may occur outside of the brain, that is to say, on machines

2. The presupposition that thought can be understood in a formal and scientific

3. The assumption that the best way to understand it is through digital computers

"Since the end of the 1950s research on IA expands and multiplies in different directions. The symbolic capability of computers is studied, among others, by Shannon (1950) and by Newell, Shaw and Simon (1958) who designed the first intelligent program based on their model of information processing. This model of Newell, Shaw and Simon would soon become the dominant theory in cognitive psychology".

Philosophical Foundations of Artificial Memory

How to nearly always occurs in the case of a newly created science, artificial intelligence addresses so many issues easily confused at a fundamental level and conceptual, attached to it, it is necessary to make scientific considerations from the point of view of the philosophy. Much of this science board with topics in the philosophy of mind, but there are certain particular issues to the IA.

For more than 2000 years of tradition in philosophy, have come up with various theories of reasoning and learning, simultaneously with the point of view of the mind is reduced to physical performance. The psychology provides tools that permit the investigation of the human mind, as well as a scientific language to express the theories that are being obtained. The linguistics offers theories for the structure and meaning of the language, as well as computer science, which takes the tools that enable Artificial Intelligence is a reality.

It began with the birth of Plato in 428 BC and with what you learned from Socrates. The theme of his work was very diverse: politics, mathematics, physics, astronomy, and various branches of philosophy. The Hubet philosopher Dreyfus (1979) states that: "The history of the artificial intelligence begins in the year 450 a.C., when Plato quote a dialog in which Socrates asks Euthydemus: "I would like to know which is the property of the piety that makes an action can be regarded as pia. And so the note and I will serve as a standard to judge your actions and those of others."

The philosophers identified the most important ideas related to artificial intelligence, but to go from there to a formal science it was necessary to have a mathematical formalization in three main areas: computer science, logic and probability. The idea of expressing a calculation using a formal algorithm can be traced back to the time of Jwarizmi, Arab mathematician of the 9th century, with whose works were introduced in Europe the arabic numerals and algebra (of his name al-Jwarizmi derives the word algorithm).

The man has been applied to itself the scientific name of Homo sapiens as an assessment of the significance of our mental abilities both for our daily life as for our own sense of identity. The efforts of the field of artificial intelligence are focused on achieving the compression of intelligent entities. One of the reasons for its study is to learn more about ourselves. Unlike the philosophy and psychology, which are also involved in the intelligence, the efforts of the artificial intelligence are aimed both to the construction of entities as their compression. Another reason is studied artificial intelligence is because it has not been possible to create amazing and various items of significance. No one could predict with any accuracy what could be expected in the future, it is evident that the computers that possess a human level intelligence will have a major impact in our daily life as well as the evolution of civilization.

The problem addressed by the artificial intelligence is one of the most complex: How is it possible that a tiny and slow brain, whether biological or e-mail, have the capacity to perceive, understand, predict and manipulate a world which in size and complexity far exceeds?, but unlike the investigation concerning the travel faster than the speed of light or a antigravity device, the researcher in the field of artificial intelligence has evidence that such a search is entirely feasible.

The artificial intelligence allows man to emulate in machines the human behavior, taking as a basis the brain and its operation, in such a way as to achieve true reasoning.

Definition

Artificial intelligence is defined as intelligence exhibited by artifacts created by humans (i.e., artificial). It is often applied hypothetically to the computers. The name is also used to refer to the field of scientific research that attempts to approach the creation of such systems.

Due to the fact that the artificial intelligence had many parents there is a consensus to define that concept, but we can say that the artificial intelligence is responsible for modeling the human intelligence in computational systems.

It can be said that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most fascinating areas and with more challenges of computer science, in its area of cognitive sciences. He was born as a mere philosophical study and reasoned of human intelligence, mixed with the concern of man to imitate the surrounding nature (how to fly and swim), up to and including wanting to imitate himself. Quite simply, the Artificial Intelligence seeks to imitate human intelligence. Obviously not yet been achieved, at least not completely.