Ensayo usa educacion..

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only white man could access to education. “Common schools” appears in the 18th century in which students of all ages were in an specific room, supervised by a teacher

Source: Boston Latin School web page. http://www.bls.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=206116&type=d

[1] School designed for high social classes’ sons who were destined for leadership positions in church, state or the courts.

Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari Culture II

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Woman and education

The first school for girls was founded by The Sisters of the Order of Saint Ursula in 1727. It was Ursuline Academy (2) in which existed a convent. This school was the first free school and retreat centre for women. Not only white women could attend classes but also African-American slaves women.

Not all the cities reacted in favour of this as school required a tax to continue existing. In the case of Northampton, this city adopted this system later because the rich families did not want to pay taxes to aid poor families. Then all households had to pay taxes and with these funds they supported the school which would prepare men for college. Woman could have access to education paid with public money in 1800.

In the case of Sutton, households with only children paid taxes for education.

Education could help woman to keep their elite status as they were taught art or science in order to develop their reasoning skills. This situation was not in all places because some do not even have a school so writing was taught to men and some women. What was most important was that the men could write and read. In that time, women were limited to only teach each other in convents with priests.

Source: Ursuline Academy. http://www.uanola.org/Page/About/Ursuline-Heritage

[2] The oldest continuously-operating school for girls and the oldest Catholic school in the United States.

Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari Culture II

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Mann, the father of public American education.

Horace Mann was born on May 4th, 1796 in Franklin, Massachusetts. Despite being from a poor family, he studied law and won a seat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was not only interested in politics but also in education, philanthropy and republicanism. He promoted an agenda of public education and “normal schools” to train teacher.

In 1837 the State created the Nation’s first board or education with Mann as its secretary. They do not have funds to aboard the activities, they needed a moral leadership so Horace himself took the responsibility. He wrote a biweekly journal called “Common School Journal” dedicated to teachers and all those who were interested in that theme . He was an influence especially for his main principles regarding public education and its problems.

The six principles of education were:

1- Citizens cannot maintain both ignorance and freedom 2- This education should be paid for, controlled, and maintained by the public 3- This education should be provided in schools that embrace children from varying backgrounds 4- This education must be non-sectarian 5- This education must be taught using tenets o a free society 6- This education must be provided by well-trained professional teachers

Despite these ideas angered social and political groups, prevailed and still do today. Mann served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1848 to 1853 and then became the president of Antioch College. Before he died, he said a powerful and influential phrase: “I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these, my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”

All the reforms he made had a great impact not only in the United States but also in other countries. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento during his visit to the USA in 1865 met Horace who shared with him some ideas about the education system. Sarmiento was influenced by not only what Mann had told him but all the reforms and work he had made for education. When Sarmiento came to Argentina he decided to apply some of them.

Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari Culture II

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Colleges and Universities:

Colleges or Universities appeared in order to satisfy a necessity of having men prepared to occupy public charges or be part of the church and continue the traditions. At the beginning colleges used to teach only theology, Greek and Latin languages, classical literature and philosophy. As time passed the needs were changing and as colleges as universities were adopting more subjects to satisfied the necessities of the state. Later, women could have access it and be part of the society from another